DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

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Direct Speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech).We use quotation marks (“______________”) and it should be word for word. For example:

Nicky said, “It’s hot”.

Or

“It’s hot,” Nicky said.

Indirect speech refers to reproducing the idea of another person’s words that doesn’t use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word.

Indirect speech is sometimes called reported speech.

The tense usually changes when reporting speech. This is because we are usually talking about a time in the past and obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past.

The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.

▪ Note: The reporting verbs that are usually used to report imperative sentences are:

Tell, order, command, ask, warn, remind

▪ Don’t forget to mention the indirect object.

Father warned me not to drive fast.

For example:

Direct speech Indirect speech

Present simple Past simple

Vita said, “I eat fried rice”. Vita said that she ate fried rice.

Past simple Past Perfect

Mother said, “I went to market yesterday”. Mother said (that) she had gone to market the day before.

Future simple Past Future

Lea said, “I am going to wash my clothes”. Lea said (that) she was going to wash her clothes.

Dave said, “I will buy an I-Pod next week”. Dave said (that) he would buy an I-Pod the week after.

Present continuous Past continuous

Gama said, “I am playing football”. Gama said he was playing football.

Past continuous Past perfect continuous

She said, “I was teaching earlier.” She said she had been teaching earlier.


In time expressions and pronouns

Direct speech


Indirect speech

Now

Today/tonight

Yesterday

Tomorrow

Last week

Next week

Ago


Then

That day/that night

The day before/the previous day

The next/following day

The previous week

The following week/the week after

Before

This/these

Here

Pronouns


That/those

There

They change according to the context readmore...

ASKING FOR INFORMATION

yuu kita cari informasi... :)

There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common:

* Could you tell me...?
* Do you know...?
* Do you happen to know...?
* I'd like to know...
* Could you find out...?
* I'm interested in...
* I'm looking for.. These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone:

* I'm calling to find out...
* I'm calling about... readmore...

INVITATION (WRITTEN)

psssttt...jangan ribut kita belajar Invitation...

Invitation is a way to invite someone or more to go to a place or to do something. -Formal invitation is usually originate from Institutes, Companies and a kind of it. Normally formal invitation is written invitation.
-Informal invitation is personal invitation given to a friend, family, etc. Informal invitation can be written invitation and verbal invitation.Example
- Extending (mengundang)
- Let’s go to the Keroncong Festival!
- Please try to come!
- I hope you’ll join us!
- If you are not busy, pleset come to my party!
- Shall we see the film?
- I would like to invite you come to my house!

Accepting (menerima)
- Great! Let’s do it!
- Thank you. I’d like to!
- That’s a good idea!
- That would be very nice!
- Thank you for invitation!

Declining (menolak)/refusing:
- I’m really sorry about that.
- Sorry. I can’t. I have to do something.
- I’d love to. But I can’t.
- Sorry. I really busy.
- (If you declining an invitation, please give a reason) readmore...

SURPRISE AND DISBELIEFS

tau ga Suprise And Disbeliefs apa...?
mau tau...yuu kita simak...

Surprises or disbeliefs is an expression that we show/ say when know/ hear/ see something that rather difficult to believe. * To express surprise :
- What a surprise !
- That's a surprise !
- (Well), that's very surprising !
- Really ?

*Responding to express surprise :
- Yeah !
- It is
- Yup
- Sure

*When you got a surprising fact, you can say :
- Do you know what ?
- Believe it or not ?
- You may not believe it, but...
- Can you believe this ?

Example of exressing surprise :
Nila : Whose motorbike is that ?
Sisy : It's Nicko's
Nila : Are you kidding me ?
Sisy : No. I'm not. I saw he riding that motorbike this morning.
Nila : What a surprise !

*To expressing disbelief :
- I don't believe it
- It can't be true
- I can't think of it
- I don't trust you

Example of expressing disbeliefs :
Dewi : Do you know ? You get the best score at English test!
Pamela : What ? I don't believe that.
Dewi : This is fact !
Pamela : Woow! That's very surprise !

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GRATITUDE, COMPLIMENT AND CONGRATULATION

mari kita lanjut ke Gratitude, Compliment, And Congratulation...

We say “thank you” when people give us something, help we do something, give a compliment, wish us something, etc.

Expressing gratitude:
- I should like to express my gratitude

- Thank you very much

- Thanks for your help

- How can I thank you? Gratitude is also called thanking.



-I’m very grateful to you -I can’t thank you enough
-I’m very much obliged to you.

Responding:
- It was the least I could do
- You’re welcome
- No big deal
- Don’t mention it
- It’s a pleasure
- That’s all right
- Any time


Compliment is expression that use to give praising to other people.
Some people use compliment to butter up somebody or to flatter in order to increase good will.
Complimenting:
- Good grade!
- Nice work
- Excellent!
- Good job!
- You look great
- What a nice t-shirt
- I really must express my admiration for your dance
- You look very nice (beautiful/handsome)


Congratulation is expression that used to said congratulate to someone when get a success.
Congratulating:
- I must congratulate you
- Please accept my warmest congratulations
- I’d like to be first to congratulate you
- Congratulations on your success
- Congrats! Finally, your dream comes true! readmore...